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Le terrorisme s'est invité au coeur de Bruxelles, marquant à vif la date du 22 mars 2016 dans la mémoire de ses habitants.
22 mars 2016, Bruxelles. Des attentats à la bombe sont perpétrés à l'aéroport et dans une station de métro, détruisant directement ou indirectement des dizaines de vies humaines. Soudain, Bruxelles n'est plus qu'une plaie immense. Comment les Bruxellois ont-ils vécu cette journée fatale ? Sven Gatz ravive les émotions du moment, diversement vécues, de sept personnages. Tout au long d'un parcours le menant de Molenbeek à Maelbeek, Sven Gatz dévoile, jusqu'à la nudité, l'âme de Bruxelles.
Suivez le parcours, le vécu et les émotions de sept personnages, de Molenbeek à Maelbeek, dans cette chronique bruxelloise qui réveille avec sensibilité le souvenir d'une journée noire.
EXTRAIT
Mais que des terroristes venus de chez nous vinssent sans vergogne causer des ravages dans ma ville, voilà bien le changement de trop, la goutte qui, ce jour-là, fit déborder le vase. Je ne remarquai même pas que je remuais ma cuillère dans mon café depuis une trentaine de secondes.
- Ça va, Claude ?
Le patron avait bien vu mon trouble, et voulait s'assurer que son client allait bien.
- Oui, oui, ne t'inquiète pas. J'étais parti dans mes pensées. La bombe... Les salauds...
Je peinais à faire des phrases complètes. Je me repris : « Donne-moi une bière. Le café est un peu fadasse, aujourd'hui. »
Je souris. Fadasse. Ce n'est qu'à mi-chemin de mon verre de bière que je parvins à me concentrer sur mes deux journaux. Le Soir pour la politique, La Dernière Heure pour le sport. « Le jour où le Roi s'est fâché... sans grand impact », titrait en une le héraut francophone bruxellois. Cet article retint aussitôt mon attention. Royaliste un jour, royaliste toujours ! Mais le récit proposé, qui dépeignait un roi sans pouvoir, incapable de prendre le dessus sur des politiciens débiles, ne fit rien d'autre que de m'irriter. Bande d'escrocs.
Pourquoi, me dis-je alors, ne laissent-ils pas faire le roi ? Pourquoi faut-il que ce pays soit si divisé ? Pourquoi les politiciens francophones donnent-ils aux Flamands tout ce dont ils rêvent, depuis un demi-siècle ? Et où s'arrêtera cette faim qu'ont les Flamands de faire main basse sur le pays ? Leur en faut-il donc toujours plus ?
Jamais je ne fus séparatiste. Mais voici quelques années que je me surprenais parfois à considérer le scénario de l'indépendance flamande. J'avais vu mon pays changer, et ce que je voyais me rendait triste.
À PROPOS DE L'AUTEUR
Sven Gatz (1967) est un homme politique bruxellois libéral. Il est ministre régional flamand pour la Culture, les Médias, la Jeunesse et Bruxelles. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages ayant pour sujets la politique, Bruxelles et la bière. -
Criminology ; a complete introduction ; teach yourself
Peter Joyce
- Teach Yourself
- 4 January 2013
- 9781444170252
'A great and educational read..' Amazon 5 star reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
'Would definitely recommend to anyone thinking .' Amazon 5 star reader review ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Criminology is a multi-disciplinary subject - but it doesn't have to be difficult. This book, complete with case studies and key facts, forms a course which will take you from beginner or intermediate level to having a confident grasp of the subject. The book includes: step-by-step explanations to help you grasp new topics or those that have previously confused you; practice questions throughout, to help you embed your learning and improve your confidence; and detailed case studies to consolidate and contextualise your knowledge - all in one great-value book, no need for extra course books or work books.
Chapters include: What is crime? How do we measure crime? Why do people commit crime? How can we prevent crime? How is crime detected? Serial killers; The crimes of the powerful; Political crime; Organized crime; Why do we punish criminals? What is the criminal justice system? The police; The courts; Trial procedure; Prisons; Youth crime; Punishment in the community; The criminal justice system - is it fair? Victimology; Studying Criminology.
The Complete Introduction series from Teach Yourself is the ultimate one-stop guide for anyone wanting a comprehensive and accessible entry point into subjects as diverse as philosophy, mathematics, economics, Shakespeare and physics. Loved by students and perfect for general readers who simply want to learn more about the world around them, these books are your first choice for discovering something new. -
Mineurs ou jeunes adultes migrants ? nouveaux dispositifs cliniques entre logiques institutionnelles et culturelles
Marie-Rose Moro, Rita Finco
- Harmattan Italia
- 1 November 2015
- 9782336745596
La France comme l'Italie sont confrontées depuis 25 ans à une immigration particulière : désignés selon les termes de la loi sous le nom de « mineurs isolés étrangers » (MIE), ou mineurs étrangers non accompagnés », ce sont des enfants de moins de 18 ans qui se trouvent hors de leur pays d'origine et séparés de leurs parents ou tuteurs légaux. Cet ouvrage est l'occasion d'exposer les problématiques rencontrées par les institutionnels face à cette jeune population et les différents modes d'accompagnement.
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Dangerous games violence and bullying in a school setting and extracurricular environment ; knowing, understanding, preventing
Françoise Cochet
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 1 January 2016
- 9782336400068
These are the collected papers of the second international symposium of the APEAS : texts heard in conferences and discussions with the audience. The event gathered doctors, paediatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists, anthropologists as well as magistrates, policemen, researchers and prevention professionals to discuss the different problems surrounding dangerous games and school bullying. They identify in particular the change in how these games are played and the impact of social network. To inform, educate and prevent are the goals of such an international meeting.
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Migration control in practice : before and within the borders of the state
Federica Infantino, Djordje Sredanovic, Collectif
- Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles
- 17 November 2022
- 9782800418292
The book presents the results of several qualitative research project with different actors that put migration policies into practice. It shows the different ways in which day-to-day activities of organisations shape migration policies on the ground. This book offers a comprehensive exploration on how different migration policies are implemented day by day. Such an approach allows to show the different ways in which migration policies on the ground take a life of their own when compared to the letter of the law. The book shows the need to understand the specific logics and workings of the implementation of policies, while taking into account the continued role played by politicians and the judiciary, non-state actors and migrants. Qualitative research with different public institutions implementing migration policies are combined with an exploration of the role of NGOs, supranational institutions and the migrants themselves. Bringing together the results of several research projects with fieldwork in Belgium, the UK, France, Morocco and Malta, the book covers the different stages of the migratory career. It follows the potential trajectory of a migrant from visa obtention (both in general and for students specifically) to border controls, asylum (including resettlement and gender and sexuality-based asylum), access to residence (with a specific focus on marriage-based residence), healthcare and nationality, or to detention and managed return migration. Through its chapters it shows the day-to-day logics, routines and tactics that bureaucrats and other actors adopt, within the constrains of laws, social interactions, and ideas about policies.
À PROPOS DES AUTEURS
Djordje Sredanovic est chargé de recherche F.R.S.-FNRS au laboratoire GERME de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles. Sociologue spécialisé dans les études de la nationalité, citoyenneté et migrations, il a conduit recherches sur les expériences et l'implémentation des politiques migratoires.
Federica Infantino est Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellow au Migration Policy Centre à l'Institut Universitaire Européen à Florence est Maitre de Conférence à l'Université Libre de Bruxelles. -
L'esodo dei Giovani Senegalesi verso l'Europa : Inchiesta etnografica nella regione della Casamance
Jeanne Heurtault
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 10 October 2024
- 9782336478210
Dai primi anni 2000, i giovani del villaggio di Diobakane, situato nella regione della Casamance (Senegal meridionale), percorrono rotte irregolari per arrivare in Europa.
La mancanza di sbocchi professionali, un sistema scolastico poco adeguato al mercato del lavoro e la ricerca di prestigio sociale da ottenere attraverso il rapido guadagno spingono i ragazzi a rivolgere lo sguardo verso un continente europeo, per molti aspetti, idealizzato. Cruciali, nella costruzione delle attese dei candidati alla migrazione, sono i rapporti familiari, con le loro peculiari gerarchie interne, e il peso delle speranze che gli adulti ripongono sulle nuove generazioni.
L'associazione FIER (rinominata "AMDIOBAKA" nel 2017) tenta di offrire opportunità alternative, rispetto a tale esodo, accogliendo i giovani della regione e degli stati confinanti, a cui propone di emanciparsi attraverso attività da svolgere in loco, come ad esempio la permacultura e il turismo eco-sostenibile. Eppure, dimostra lo studio condotto dall'autrice di questo volume, il desiderio di partire continua a dominare gli animi. -
Ahmadis and muslim identity in diaspora : a short study of anti-ahmadi opposition in britain
Mahrukh Arif-tayyeb
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 21 March 2022
- 9782140208461
In the introduction to his book, Yohannan Friedmann wrote that the Ahmadiyya has been one of the "most active and controversial movements within modern Islam". Indeed, the Muslimness of the Ahmadis has been debated ever since the inception of the movement in the 19th century, where several successive fatwas declared its supporters to be heretics and deviants. In Pakistan, this Muslim minority will be declared non-muslim through a Constitutional amendment and later an Ordinance will go as far as criminalizing their right to be Muslims. The community will thus face a wave of persecution and violence under the sight of the Pakistani State's silence. In 1984, the community led by a caliphate will find refuge in Britain and will start to explore the freedom to express and display their religious identity in a visible manner.
Through the theoretical framework of two sociologists of the School of Chicago - Howard Becker and Erving Goffman - and their work on deviant communities, this book explores to what extent the lack of recognition of the Muslim identity of Ahmadis in Pakistan evolves in the specific diasporic context of Britain.
This book examines the relationship between the treatment of a politically controlled minority in a theocracy and the modalities of its importation into a Western democracy. -
The New Blackwell Companion to the City
Gary Bridge, Sophie Watson
- Wiley-Blackwell
- 11 January 2011
- 9781444395129
This book considers the state of the city and contemporary urbanisation from a range of intellectual and international perspectives. The most interdisciplinary collection of its kind Provides a contemporary update on urban thinking that builds on well established debates in the field Uses the city to explore economic, social, cultural, environmental and political issues more broadly Includes contributions from non Western perspectives and cities
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The asian side of the world Tome 2 ; chronicles of Asia and the Pacific, 2011-2013
Jean-françois Sabouret
- CNRS Éditions via OpenEdition
- 20 August 2019
- 9782271122247
Asia and the Pacific, an immense region, both new and old, in which two thirds of the world lives. A region of superlatives, exceptions, China, continually facing disasters and risks from its past, India, a continent of its own, Japan, archipelago of the future. It is a region that is attracting global growth and becoming the centre of the world. Who could have predicted that the GDP of Asia and the Pacific would be equal to that of the European Union? And what will tomorrow bring? This compilation gives an overview of Asia's world, bringing together texts written by researchers and specialists and that have been published on Asia and the Pacific Network's website (CNRS) between 2011 and 2013. It follows the first volume published in 2011 covering the period 2002-2011. These works covering the humanities and social science recount the past, tell us of the future and illustrate the complexity of Asia and the Pacific through its flaws, strengths and challenges. They reveal the profound roots and depth of the dynamism of these new powers that could soon take over the future of humanity. Numerous researchers and academics specialising in contemporary Asia and the Pacific are bringing into light many aspects of this great and inevitable shift in the world.
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Hispanoamérica : vision contemporanea
Ebenezer Bille, Georges Moukouti Onguedou
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 15 September 2016
- 9782140018343
Hispanoamérica : visión contemporánea tiene como propósito ofrecer una visión actualizada de Hispanoamérica como una entidad geográfica y sociocultural tanto compleja, como plural. Da cuenta de los tópicos cruciales capaces de permitir una mejor comprensión de la hispanoamericanidad hoy; echa una mirada inquisitoria al complejo acontecer sociopolítico hispanoamericano desde las independencias hasta la actualidad; ofrece una visión cartográfica de Hispanoamérica, con los datos específicos sobre la vida política, la economía, la sociedad, la geografía, el ecosistema y la cultura de cada una de las veinte entidades territoriales que, para las autores, constituyen la Nueva Hispanoamérica.
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Jeunesse africaine ; "bombe à retardement" ou opportunité historique ? africa youth ; "time bomb" or historic opportunity?
Africa initiative group
- Editions L'Harmattan
- Harmattan Côte-d'Ivoire
- 15 May 2017
- 9782336789590
L'analyse en profondeur de la situation actuelle de la jeunesse africaine conduit à un pronostic très sombre pour le futur, à moins d'une véritable inversion des politiques actuelles vers de nouveaux "tropismes" : remettre la jeunesse "au coeur" de la politique et mettre l'emploi au centre de la politique économique. Cet enchaînement d'actions conduira à un véritable changement de paradigme, et l'implication de la jeunesse dans cette entreprise sera décisive (ouvrage bilingue).
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Forced to flee ; stories of asylum seekers from Dardur, Sudan
Marie-josée Tubiana
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 1 July 2017
- 9782140041235
I only met those who managed to get through. Those who witnessed the attacks on their villages, the burning down of their homes. Those who buried their dead. Those who were caputured, imprisoned or tortured. Those who crossed the Sahara. Those who worked illegally in Libya to pay for the crossing of the Mediterranean. Those who do not speak the language of the country whre they arrive. Who are these men and sometimes women who ask for asylum in France ?
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Your pathway to classical homeopathy
Mireille Peyronnet, Philippe Peyronnet
- Bookelis
- 24 January 2018
- 9791093910055
This book is made for you who have decided to consult a classical homeopath. Classical Homeopathy was discovered and developed by Samuel Hahnemann (End of 18thcentury). A unique homeopathic remedy is prescribed.
'Before consultation' establishes the central notion of constitution. Good health is a perfect synonym of a balanced constitution, whereas an unbalanced one leaves the door open to illness. The unique homeopathic remedy restores the balance by giving the individual the equivalent energy.
'During consultation' explains the state of mind needed to go through consultation, to be as productive as possible. It is a singular living process.
'After consultation' establishes the importance of the follow up in the homeopathic process. Just because a remedy has been given, this doesn't mean it is all over... things may only be starting!
Numerous real life case studies substantiate the development of a homeopathic pedagogy. At the end of this guide you will find useful guidelines and practical factsheets for collecting the most important original and specific signs. -
Intercultural praxis for ethical action reflexive education and participatory citizenship for a respondent sociality
Maria Giovanna Onorati, Filippo Bignami, Furio Bednarz
- EME Editions
- 8 November 2017
- 9782806651013
In an era when globalization no longer seems to simply mean the overcoming of national borders, but rather the increasing populist sentiment of isolationism, advocating for intercultural praxis becomes daring. The recognition that our very existence depends on our capacity to forge a different global paradigm has led the authors to identify in intercultural awareness one factor towards an ethical refoundation of cohabitation on the planet.
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Tu seras docteur.e mon enfant ! expériences et postures de recherche des thésards africains
Larissa Kojoue
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 1 December 2017
- 9782140053672
L'économie mondiale du savoir auquel l'Afrique devrait contribuer passe nécessairement par le renforcement de la formation doctorale et le soutien à la recherche. Les étudiants africains s'engagent la plupart du temps dans une thèse sans repères, sans date butoir, sans bibliothèque, sans financements, sans ordinateurs, sans un encadrement effectif et surtout sans autres moyens que la volonté d'y arriver. Concrètement, comment rédige-t-on une thèse de Doctorat en Afrique aujourd'hui ? Comment devient-on Docteur(e) en sciences sociales à Yaoundé, à Ouagadougou, à Dakar ?
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Women and children in migration, protections and reception systems
Setefania Giova, Antonio Mancini
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 20 September 2018
- 9782336851273
Cet ouvrage apporte une réflexion multidisciplinaire sur les droits, la protection, la réception et les pratiques d'intégration s'adressant aux migrants forcés en Italie, avec un focus spécifique sur les femmes et les mineurs isolés.
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Histoires courtes sur le thème du travail des enfants
Bureau International Du Travail
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 5 October 2018
- 9782140102080
Je me suis mise à observer les enfants. Tous maigres et fatigués, ils n'avaient pas même 14 ans. Certains paraissaient si frêles et si menus que dans mon pays à n'en pas douter, ils auraient été envoyés à l'hôpital ou dorlotés au maximum par leurs parents. Ces histoires vécues font partie du Programme internationale pour l'abolition du travail des enfants (IPEC) du bureau international du Travail (BIT).
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Five European women : women's achievement for business performance in Europe
Ayming Institute
- Débats Publics
- Ayming Institute
- 6 December 2022
- 9782375093085
The European continent has never been more important to the future of the global economy. The role of the European Union is now being overshadowed by seemingly existential threats. Europe is changing, and changing quickly.
The global economy is also changing, and is doing so more quickly than at any other time in history. Companies are changing the way in which they do business, and the way in which they define business. What is success? How do we measure business performance in the new global economy?
The transition from old economic models to a new business paradigm creates environmental, social, and societal issues. Seeing companies through the challenges ahead will require strong leadership, exceptional vision, and talent. This book sets out the views of five women who match this description.
While women are still underrepresented in senior management positions, these women have succeeded as business leaders. Does the uniqueness of the female experience affect their vision of the economy? What can their careers and their companies tell us about business performance?
Perhaps most importantly - for Europe, for these women, for our economy as a whole - what comes next?
Julie Chapon - Co-founder of Yuka, Cristina Garmendia - President of the 'Fundacion Espana Constitutional', Emma Marcegaglia - President of Eni, Laurie Pilo - Managing Director of Ayming Benelux, Anne Rigail - Chief Executive Officer of Air France -
The making of William I. Thomas : women, work and urban inclusion ; a social history of rights and freedom in the UnitedStates at the beginning of the 20th century
Giuseppina Cersosimo
- Harmattan Italia
- 15 July 2019
- 9782140126635
Le parcours du célèbre sociologue W.I. Thomas dans les Etats-Unis du début du XXe siècle, entre émancipation féminine et développement socio-économique (ouvrage en langue anglaise).
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Un partenariat franco-américain pour l'éducation des sourds toujours d'actualité
Mireille Golaszewski
- Publishroom
- 20 May 2022
- 9782384542338
Cet ouvrage rassemble des ressources primaires, des documents archives, des publications d'historiens, d'anthropologues, de sociologues, de linguistes, et d'éducateurs, qui ont jalonné et suivi leur parcours partagé et dont on voit certains prolongements encore aujourd'hui. Cette Banque de données fournit une documentation pédagogique utilisable par des enseignants, sourds ou entendants, pour raviver le souvenir de ces deux personnalités et faire connaître aux jeunes générations leur oeuvre commune. L'ouvrage est écrit en anglais et en français (bilingue).
Documentation pédagogique : un guide pédagogique + 15 unités pédagogiques + 15 PowerPoints (diaporamas) et des clips vidéo en LSF et ASL d'accompagnement ont été aussi réalisés.
Pour accéder à l'ensemble de ces ressources, se rendre sur ce site internet du Consortium L@cces-LSF-pour-tous : http://consortium-lacees-lsf-pour-tous.fr
À PROPOS DES AUTEURS
Mireille Golaszewski, Inspecteur général honoraire du Groupe des langues vivantes au Ministère de l'Education nationale, a été chargée de missions successives de scolarisation des élèves malentendants et sourds, suite à la loi d'Orientation pour l'école (11 février 2005) pour l'égalité des chances pour tous dans le domaine de l'éducation.
Elle crée L'association Consortium L@cces-LSF-pour-tous en 2013 qui devient une plateforme de formations à distance (e-learning) et un centre de recherches sur l'enseignement de la langue et de la culture sourdes.
Elle est chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (promotion 2020).
Dr Christopher A.N.Kurz est professeur et directeur du Laboratoire de mathématiques et d'apprentissage du langage scientifique au RIT , Institut technologique de Rochester ( USA). Il donne des cours de méthodologie et de pédagogie de la langue des signes dans le cadre du programme d'études supérieures. Il a publié de nombreux articles sur l'histoire de l'éducation des Sourds , notamment sur Laurent Clerc, Amos G.Draper et Edward M. Gallaudet.
Il a reçu le prix Eisenhart Outstanding Teaching Award du RIT, en 2015. -
Morale o diritto? riflessioni su libertà sessuale, maternità surrogata, velo islamico, eutanasia..
Daniel Borrillo
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 1 August 2024
- 9782336475257
Diversamente dalla morale, il diritto non proclama il bene o il male. Si limita a dare la priorità al giusto, inteso come un atto volontariamente scelto e senza ricadute pregiudizievoli per altri, ma non prende in considerazione il contenuto degli atti stessi. Ciò nonostante, spesso, l'uso individuale del corpo passa sotto il prisma del bene (donare il sangue o un organo è un gesto altruista, la prostituzione è una pratica disdicevole, il cliente di chi si prostituisce va sanzionato, la maternità surrogata andrebbe proibita, i transessuali non devono avere accesso alla procreazione medicalmente assistita, etc.).
L'analisi sviluppata nel presente saggio invita a mettere tra parentesi la questione morale (il bene) per approfondire invece la dimensione giuridica delle cose (il giusto). Tale scissione è una sorta di bussola che facilita la comprensione politica di temi profondamente controversi, quali l'aborto, l'eutanasia e molti altri, oggi al centro del dibattito pubblico in vari paesi dell'Europa, ma non solo. -
From new apps on our cellphone to car-sharing, from the invasion of drones to the reorganization of production lines, from tweets to digital tablets and procreation methods, from genetic manipulations to nanotechnologies, innovation is everywhere.
It has penetrated and turned upside-down all the economic, social, cultural and political sectors.
Nothing escapes it. Nothing can survive without it. Permanent innovation, that headlong search for the new, is the originality of our period.
What world are we living in?
How can we find our way in a profusion like this?
How can we evaluate the meaning and usefulness of this general and growing agitation of our societies?
What universe is being prepared?
For three years, at regular morning sessions, we invited the most diverse personalities: heads of major groups and startup creators, scientists and philosophers, elected officials and physicians, foreign and French experts in many fields. They tackled every subject: the energy and digital transitions, the biological revolution, green mobility, new towns, those consumers who have become actors.
Everything moves! Montaigne was right: "Our world eternally turns around.'
Here is a modest contribution to the portrait of our modernity. -
The british working class : identity(-ies), representations, (re)definition
Collectif
- Editions L'Harmattan
- 25 April 2024
- 9782336447995
It is commonplace in certain quarters to posit that the British working class has virtually disappeared because of the collapse of manufacturing in the last decades of the 20th century. However, it is hardly plausible that there should be nothing left today of a social group that was conspicuous in the past owing both to its deep involvement in the economy and its palpable presence in the urban environment.
As a matter of fact, not only has the working class been of interest to film-makers, singers, cartoonists, etc., over the last half century or so, but a majority of 21st-century Britons still consider themselves to be "working-class" while many eke out a living by performing tiring, repetitive, low-skilled and poorly-paid tasks, i.e. tasks typical of those carried out by workers in the past.
This issue of Cycnos, therefore, aims at showing that the aforementioned verdict probably fails to take into consideration a number of critical questions that range from the notion of representation to that of permanence (whether physical or otherwise). -
La représentation et la réinvention des espaces de sociabilité au cours du long XVIIIe siècle Tome 7
Annick Cossic-pericarpin, Emrys d. Jones
- Le Manuscrit
- 15 March 2021
- 9782304048988
Ce volume de Transversales constitue le septième volet des travaux de spécialistes des études sur le dix-huitième siècle français et britannique. Ces chercheurs tentent de redéfinir les modes opératoires de la sociabilité pour chacune des deux nations, à partir de sources célèbres ou méconnues, et s'interrogent sur la réalité de la supériorité du modèle français de sociabilité. Le présent volume s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la représentation et à la réinvention des espaces de sociabilité à partir de sources diverses, correspondance, oeuvres littéraires, archives de sociétés, essais philosophiques, films. Il met en évidence les dimensions urbanistiques et transgressives de l'espace, sa dualité, en étant à la fois imaginaire et physique et s'interroge sur le rôle de l'être humain, acteur et spectateur. La représentation des espaces de sociabilité, telle qu'elle est abordée dans cet ouvrage, pose la question de l'autorité et de la négociation opérée par l'individu entre liberté et appartenance à un groupe socio-culturel lui-même indissociable d' une nation en devenir.
This volume is the seventh in the Transversales series published by a group of researchers of different nationalities on the topic of sociability in France and Britain during the Enlightenment. The research focuses on the extent to which a new model of sociability emerged in these nations during this period, and the similarities and differences between the ways this model developed on each side of the Channel. The present volume examines the representation and reinvention of sociable spaces through an excavation of various sources, letters, literary works, archives of societies, philosophical essays, films. It highlights the urbanistic and transgressive aspects of space, its duality, as it is at once physical and imaginary, and it questions the role of human beings, both as actors and spectators. The representation of sociable spaces, as it is dealt with in this work, raises the issue of authority and of the negotiation enacted by the individual between freedom and the membership of a socio-cultural group that is inseparable from a nation in the making.